Artikel in der MagicPedia

Hier findet man alle Artikel der deutschen Zauber-Pedia, die auch in der englischen Version vorhanden sind.

Name
Harry Alpigini
Ronald Haines
Allan Ackerman
Robert Albo
Stan Allen
Will Alma
Gene Anderson
Michael Ammar
Criss Angel
Theo Annemann
Simon Aronson
Al Baker
Larry Becker
David Berglas
Harry Blackstone, Jr.
Harry Blackstone, Sr.
David Blaine
Ali Bongo
Ken Brooke
Geoffrey Buckingham
Eugene Burger
Lance Burton
John Calvert
Cardini
Charles Carter
Mike Caveney
Juliana Chen
Milbourne Christopher
Aldo Colombini
David Copperfield
Paul Daniels
Dante
Richard Hatch
Edwin A. Dawes
Derek Dingle
Joseph Dunninger
Lee Earle
Fred Kaps
Lubor Fiedler
Neil Foster
John Gaughan
Paul Gertner
Roberto Giobbi
Horace Goldin
Werner Geissler
Paul Harris
Doug Henning
Jean Hugard
Joshua Jay
Ricky Jay
William Kalush
Joe Karson
Richard Kaufman
Mac King
Tina Lenert
Max Maven
Harry Lorayne
Vito Lupo
Jay Marshall
Billy McComb
David Nixon
Norm Nielsen
Richard Osterlind
Patrick Page
Penn & Teller
Jon Racherbaumer
William Rauscher
Devo
Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
Shimada
Siegfried & Roy
Tony Slydini
Jim Steinmeyer
Harlan Tarbell
Dai Vernon
Michael Weber
David Williamson
Mark Wilson
Jochen Zmeck
Harry Houdini
Hieronymus Bosch
Zauberkasten
Genii
John Wade
Bill Larsen
Robert Carver
Walter Gibson
Karl Fulves
Martin Gardner
Jeff Busby
Bart Whaley
George Daily
James B. Alfredson
Sid Lorraine
Howard Thurston
Belinda Sinclair
John Booth
Dr. Albert M. Wilson
John Mulholland
Louis Tannen
Walter J. Gydesen
Steve Cohen
Hen Fetsch
Dariel Fitzkee
Frank Garcia
Goodliffe
Ed Marlo
Jerry Mentzer
Terry Seabrooke
Alan Shaxon
Johnny Thompson
Nick Trost
Tommy Wonder
Albert Goshman
Erhard Liebenow
Stewart James
Chris Kenner
Gaetan Bloom
Bert Allerton
Jerry Andrus
Lee Asher
Jeffery Atkins
Art Baker
Carl Ballantine
Bartolomeo Bosco
Henri Decremps
Banachek
Sam Berland
Harold Rice
George Blake
Okito
Ross Bertram
Bobby Bernard
Wizardo
Edgar Bergen
William Larsen, Sr.
Arthur Buckley
Leo Behnke
Bobo
Lu Brent
Magic Info
Bat
Jack Chanin
Levent
Paul Gordon
Apocalypse
Collectors' Forum
Penumbra
Magische Welt
Looking Glass
Jason Latimer
Ade Duval
Lee Jacobs
Channing Pollock
Phoa Yan Tiong
John Joseph Salisse
J. C. Wagner
Irene Larsen
U. F. Grant
Phil Temple
Alexander Herrmann
Dorothy Dietrich
Ormond McGill
Prince Charles
Scalzo
Max Holden
Larry Jennings
Obie O’Brien
Karrell Fox
Ken Klosterman
Albert M. Wilson
Christopher Woodward
Harry Baron
Arnold Furst
Will Dexter
Gene Gordon
S. S. Adams
Edward Bagshawe
Ron Bauer
Donald Bevan
John Carney
Paul Diamond
Armin Siegel
Glenn Gravatt
Francis White
Henry Hay
Bev Bergeron
Greater Magic (Jones)
Teller
Irving Desfor
Richard Himber
Martin Breese
Keith Clark
The Great Lafayette
Clayton Rawson
Louis Nikola
Eddie Clever
Bob Kline
Theodore DeLand
Carl Hertz
Fred Jewett
Gérard Majax
Magic (Magazine)
F. William Kuethe
Fédération Française des Artistes Prestidigitateurs
Max Malini
Harold Sterling
Robert Nelson
E. J. Moore
Charles Miller
Howard Schwarzman
Mark Raffles
Stewart Judah
Ralph W. Hull
Magiro Magie
Marco the Magi
Bob Sherman
Edward Proudlock
Mickey O’Malley
Carl Heilbron
Richard Turner
Loring Campbell
Ed Hill
Len Vintus
Charles Zesch
Gilbert George Elliot
Allan Shaw
Joseph Michael Hartz
George H. Little
Walter G. Peterkin
Arthur Margery
Jay Palmer
Johnny Paul
Carl Waring Jones
Magic in Theatre
Michael Skinner
Toole Stott
Burling Hull
Neal Elias
H. Adrian Smith
Walter Cerretta Jeans
Donald Holmes
Billy Russel
Lou Derman
Caryl Fleming
Maurice Glazer
Lord Amwell
Von Arx
Brunel White
James Hagy
Bruce Posgate
Homer S. Woodworth
Roger Barkann
Matt Schulien
Stephen Minch
Bill Brema
Nelson C. Hahne
Bill Madsen
Chris Pratt
Michael Rubinstein
Fredric Kolb
Jimmy Grippo
Del Adelphia
Lou Gallo
Mel-Roy
Tom Mullica
Scott Cervine
John Daniel
Gene Maze
Jack McMillen
Les Smith
Henri Robin
James C. Wobensmith
Max Terhune
Suzy Wandas
Litzka Raymond Gibson
Albert C. Robbins
Felix Korim
Eric Mason
John Bannon
Jamy Ian Swiss
George Sands
David Meyer
Lyle L. Henry
Eli Hackman
Thomas Magrum
Gerald Kaufman
Brenton Jennings
Scotty York
Barry Price
De Vega
Duncan Johnstone
Lin Searles
Matt Corin
Frederick Holley
Rex Slocombe
Magical Arts Journal
Connie Bush
Brian McCullagh
Edward Massey
Don Sweet
Milton Woodward
Paul Morris
Hugh Riley
Harold Taylor
Adelaide Herrmann
Jim Ryan
Bob Sheets
Randy Wakeman
Dave Madden
Jim Magus
Jack Miller
Vincent Dalban
F. A. Koester
Amazing Chang
Judson Cole
Flaschenwanderung
Jim Buffaloe
Gospelmagic
Clarence Hubbard
Joseph White
Al Stevenson
Steve Spill
Mark Nelson
Charles Nagle
Alain Denis
Ernie Kovacs
George B. Anderson
William McIlhany
Henry Fields
Bustelli
Jules Lenier
Ren Clark
Einar Aasen
Charles Medrington
Mike Kanter
William R. Miller
Stephen Tucker
Harry Collins
James S. Harto
Herbert J. Collings
Albert P. Smith
Harry Thurston
Percy John Wakefield
Jack Hillard
Rob Zabrecky
W. Lee Ridenour
Horace Bennett
Arthur D. Gans
Arthur Hastings
David Solomon
Jeff Altman
Axel Adler
Robert E. Clark
Henry Huber
Steve Dusheck
Merlin Eifert
Bill Frazee
Joe Fenichel
Lord Ampthill
The Duke of Somerset
Bela Lugosi
Roy Tatroe
Isadore Bromfield
Nelson De Mers
Thomas W. Tobin
The Hierophant
Archie Tear
The Pendragons
Doug Edwards
Mike Maxwell
Great Leonard
Ken Simmons
Charles Brush
Walter Fogg
Roger Crosthwaite
Michael Vincent
Paul Hallas
Justin Higham
Tom Burgoon
Ray Hafler
S. S. Henry
J. E. Gray
James Kramer
Cushing Strout
James H. Stevenson
Hy Berg
Bill Woodfield
S. W. Erdnase
David Alexander
Harry Franklin Sartelle
Rink
Steve Miaco
Roland Winder
George Starke
George Karger
Meir Yedid
Steven Schneiderman
Otto Regling
Raymond G. Rolando
Charles Majer
Hugh Miller
John MacManus
Len Cooper
Jimmy Ray
Tom Chislett
Frank van Hoven
Harry E. Cecil
Paul Draper
George Maravich
Spencer Howell
Charles W. Nyquist
J. G. Thompson, Jr.
Jerry Camaro
Frank Woods
Oscar Paulson
Chris Van Bern
Charles T. Aldrich
Jim Dracup
George Hawley
Roy A. Dohs
Elmer Eckam
Louis Gautier
Thomas Worthington
Dennis DeBondt
Ching Lau Lauro
Jorgen Samson
William Mayoh
James Carl
Gershon Legman
David Baldwin
Claude-Gaspard Bachet
Frank Caesar
Edmund Lowe
Jim Krzak
Norman Houghton
Howard Lyons
Penn Jillette
Charles Slayton
George Grimmond
Dave Simon
Vearl Cross
Joe Cossari
Peter Kane
Will De Seive
Larry Crane
Grace Andrews
John Grdina
Conjurors' Magazine
James Andrews
Milton F. Andrews
Mickey Hades
Will Rock
Jack Lamonte
Stan Kramien
Maurice F. Raymond
Otto Maurer
Richard Kaufman
Tony Corinda
James Stewart
Bill Stickland
John Nevil Maskelyne
Pete Biro
Erik Jan Hanussen
Harry Rouclere
Baron Hartwig Seeman
Chefalo
Fred Haenchen
Shawn Farquhar
Gary Ouellet
Richard Bloch
Terje Nordnes
Vilmos Lenard
Magikeren
Signor Blitz
John Fisher
Mac Ronay
Charles H. Hopkins
Joseph Fries
Johnny Platt
A-B-C of Magic Sets
Paul Winchell
Greg Manwaring
Charles Ruben
Gene Devoe
Glenn Falkenstein
Maurice Fogel
John Henry Anderson
Topas
Geoffrey Durham
John Lovick
Harry Louine Miller
Saram Ellison
Bert Allerton
James Randi
Aldini
Patrik Kuffs
Ottokar Fischer
Magic Live
John Petrie
Mary Brigance
Bill Neff
Ed Fowler
Dennis Marks
Brian R. Gillis
Ted Bogusta
Jack Flosso
Clinton Burgess
Clarke Crandall
Leslie P. Guest
Tony Raven
Charlie Schulien
St. George’s Hall
Gordon Freeman
Long Beach Mystics
Al Schneider
George Munro
Pit Hartling
Edward W. Dart
The Annals of Conjuring
Suzanne
Gustave Fasola
Alberto Sitta
Kreskin
Cecil Lyle
Agosta Meynier
Steve Beam
Jim Swain
Mike Gallo
Paul Cummins
Matrix
Karl Norman
Colonel Stodare
Paul Freeman
Karte in Brieftasche
Richard Hoeffner
Roy Roth
Bar-Zauberkunst
Bob Bengel
Bob King
Dan Fleshman
Steve Forte
Walter R. Booth
Luke Jermay
H. J. Burlingame
Paul Clive
Barry Govan
Ian Baxter
Clare Cummings
Marco Tempest
Dave Bendix
Arthur Leroy
John Albenice
John Watkins
Karl Hein
The Heinstein Shuffle
Jack Gwynne
Flip Hallema
Gazzo
Marvyn Roy
Johnny Hart
Degenkorb
Johnny Lonn
Ron Wilson
Howard Adams
Paul Green
Bill Severn
Julien Proskauer
Richard Webster
Lewis Ganson
Lennart Green
Charles Carrer
Pop Haydn
Kostya Kimlat
Philip Willmarth
Jack Potter
Nathan Kranzo
Jack Avis
Alexander Elmsley
Francis B. Martineau
Steve Draun
Jon Armstrong
Fulton Oursler
Eric Jones
Andrew Galloway
Rodolfo
Geoff Williams
Leon Mandrake
Persi Diaconis
Fred Lowe
John Guastaferro
David Neighbors
Balabrega]
Magic Christian
Eddie Fechter
G. Ray Terrell
Homar Woulffe
J. F. Orrin
Derren Brown
Gerald Kosky
Abraham B. Hurwitz
Lloyd E. Jones
Joseffy
Sam Dalal
Melinda
Ye Olde Magic Mag
Finn Jon
Marshall Brodien
Edgar Benyon
Harvey Rosenthal
Curtis Kam
Silvan
Jason Alford
TSD
James Hodges
Chung Ling Soo
George Schindler
Bradley Jacobs
Larry Arcuri
Paul Daniels
Tyler Wilson
Gregory Wilson
John Cornelius
Piet Forton
Richard Ross
Gene Finnell
Herman Hanson
Henning Nelms
Bruce Cervon
Tim Ellis
Mystic Craig
Ron MacMillan
Cliff Green
Paul Fleming
Bobby Baxter
Tina Lenert
W. D. Leroy
Al Koran
David P. Abbott
Neil Patrick Harris
Frank Lane
Bill Simon
Claude Alexander Conlin
Jack Hughes
Manfred Thumm
Richard Garriott
Hen Fetsch
Vic Torsberg
Oscar Oswald
Eddy Taytelbaum
Hans Moretti
Jose de la Torre
Tom Stone
Shari Lewis
Chet Karkut
Robert Heller
Clément de Lion
David Avadon
Orville Meyer
Abb Dickson
Ellis Stanyon
John Braun
Leo Schmitt
Ken Griffin
Recil Bordner
Oscar Teale
Herbert Nivelli
Charles Raymond Reynolds
Rufus Steele
The Great Leon
Jean Garance
Percy Barrs
Wilfrid Jonson
Doc Mahendra
Harry Stanley
Whitey Roberts
Ernest Thorn
W. W. Durbin
Dave Campbell
Frank Cole
Joe Bengt Labero
Henk Vermeyden
Herbert Albini
Chang
David Bendix
El Duco
Robert Orben
Jules D’Hôtel
P. T. Selbit
Joseph Bruno
Bill Bixby
Albert Goshman
Edwin Brush
George Marquis
Tom Craven
Henry Hatton
Milton Chase
Shimada
Noel Maskelyne
Royal Lee Vilas
F. H. Jeudevine
Jack Trepel
Lewis Davenport
George Boston
Gibecière
Jack McMillen
Gebrüder Davenport
Arthur Setterington
Paul Swinford
Bob McAllister
Frederick Mosteller
Ron Allesi
Val Evans
Terry Herbert
Roy Walton
Bob White
Dale Salwak
Collins Pentz
Masao Atsukawa
Dominique
Tommy Martin
Teller
Norm Nielsen
William H. McCaffrey
Professor Hoffmann
Hans Klok
Scottish Association of Magical Societies
Edward Maro
Alexander Adrion
T. A. Waters
Lester Lake
Bill Baird
David Charvet
Harvey Long
Bobby Fenton
Si Stebbins
Al Mann
David Roth
Barnello
North Bigbee
Fran-Klint
Frakson
T. Nelson Downs
Geoff Latta
Bob Weill
Will Goldston
Walter Coleman
Ken Beale
James Swoger
Nicholas Einhorn
Lee Noble
Bud Dietrich
Frank Ducrot
Lee Asher
Kurt Volkmann
Werner Dornfield
Jean Merlin
Sam Bailey
Edward Schuman
Harry Marvello
David Copperfield
Max Abrams
Joan Caesar
Al Leech
Daryl
Reinhard Müller
Howard Campbell
Kalanag
Audley Walsh
Robert Neale
Carlton
Phillippe
Matthew Field
John William Sargent
Earle Oakes
Little Johnny Jones
Ed Mishell
Shigeo Futagawa
Morris Loewy
Richard Sanders
Ed Balducci
Francis J. Werner
Eric Hawkesworth
Clayton Rawson
Bob Read
Emil Jarrow
Ed Voorhees
Amedeo Vacca
Robert Loomis
Alton Sharpe
Jack Pyle
Magic Limited
Charles de Vere
Richard Potter
Jason Alexander
Joe Givan
Jay Scott Berry
Zicarte
Percy Naldrett
Charles T. Jordan
Nicolas-Philippe Ledru
Bob Rossi
Juan Tamariz
Silent Mora
David M. Roth
Jim Kleefeld
Bamberg Dynastie
Eddie Tullock
Sixten Beme
Van K. Allison
Bob Fitch
Shoot Ogawa
Henry Ridgely Evans
Herman Boaz
Phil Thomas
William P. Miesel
Joseph Kardwell
Thomas Blue
Louis Falanga
Magic Circular
Tom Osborne
Charles Waller
Sidney Hollis Radner
John F. Mendoza
Oswald Rae
Francis Carlyle
Don Tanner
George Goebel
Dany Ray
Passez Muscade
Harry Opel
McDonald Birch
James William Elliott
Tonny van Dommelen
Don Rogers
Harry Blackstone, Sr.
August Roterberg
Egyptian Hall
Jack Adams
Supreme Magic
Edwin Hooper
Bruce Elliott
Romaine
Gene Grant
Steve Aldrich
Aba-Daba
Bill Abbott
Bernard Zufall
Ackero
Bobby Acoba
Harry Albacker
Terry Nosek
Chris Wasshuber
Alfonso
Peter Reveen
Milt Larsen
Roy Johnson
Ton Onosaka
Owen Clark
Kif Anderson
Kugelfang
Martin Chapender
André Mayette
John Connelly
John Blake
Douglas Geoffrey
Bob Farmer
Bob Blau
Wasser aus Indien
Annie Abbott
Peter W. Duffie
Adrian Plate
Ten Ichi
Bill Madden
Peter Warlock
Hans Trixer
Walter Childs
S. H. Sharpe
Fred Keating
Chicagoer Billardball Trick
Modern Magic
Jack Parker
Fred Braue
Wayne Dobson
Ravelli
Derrick Speight
Robert Swadling
Craige Snader
Thomas Frost
Boris Wild
Tom Harris
Bob Brown
Augustus Rapp
John Wyman
Vanek
Hugall Benedict
William Zavis
Theodore Bael
Bob Andre
Chester Arnt
Walt Anthony
Don Albrecht
Gogia Pasha
Eugene Gloye
Martin Lewis
Elmer Biddle
Joan Rivers
Jean Prévost
Michael Close
Guy Jarrett
Frederick Barlow
Charles J. Pecor
Arnold Crowther
Doc Brumfield
Wilfred Tyler
Milton Kort
Edward Schneider
Herbert Downs
Timothy Wenk
Edward C. Kalbfleisch
Charles Harrison
Lou Lancaster
Wilfred Huggins
Herb Zarrow
Oswald Henry Bishop
Alan Alan
Jay Ose
Ed Wynn
Cy Endfield
Will Andrade
Paul Henry Razoux
Steve Belchou
Faucett Ross
Bill Chaudet
Ben Harris
Jim Sherman
Ernest Noakes
Leo Rullman
Oscar Weigle, Jr.
George Carolly
Frances Willard
Father Cyprian
Charles Penton
Ariel
Dick Brooks
Bellachini (Samuel Berlach)
Chuck Jones
Harry W. Swivel
Brian Glover
William John Armstrong
Jimmy Sanders
Duale Realität
Al Torsten
Bev Taylor
Max Andrews
Chuck Romano
Robert Wagner
John Giordmaine
Camille Gaultier
Al Munroe
Alfred Carlton Gilbert
Count Artell
Volker Huber
Gerald Taylor
Val Andrews
Geoff Maltby
Max Alexander
Hazel Payne
Magigals
Lenn Oliver Gunn
The Amazing Johnathan
Burton S. Sperber
Ben Pardo
Claude Pike
Jack Delvin
Bill Derman
Fabian
John Fedko
Harry Baker
Jay Bedsworth
Tommy Cooper
Ken Dodd
Robert Rodriguez
William Hamley
Norman Bigelow
Ellusionist
Wayne Houchin
Joe Barnett
The Independent Magical Performers Society
Arnold Belais
Dan Bellman
Louis Haselmayer
Wilfrid Allan
Dick Swanson
Syd Brockman
Mel Babcock
Bob Arno
Mr. Arbuckle
Paul Romhany
Cedric
Lyman Allen
Arnold L. Grubin
Brian Godfrey
Princess Tenko
Gus Fowler
C. Foster Fenner
Julie Eng
Max Hapner
Ace Gorham
Ron Ferris
Joe Riding
Charles Fine
Joseph J. Kolar
Joe Fleischman
Servais Le Roy
Tony Blanco
Tom Gagnon
Alvin Gentil
George Jason
William A. Buerger
George E. Closson
Geraldine Larsen
Matthias Buchinger
Leopoldo Fregoli
Robelly
Dick Zimmerman
Connie Boyd
Joanie Spina
Robert Parrish
Bob Cassidy
Gospelmagic
Jimmy Yoshida
Kirk Kirkham
Fred Wicks
Tony Shelley
Floyd Thayer
Eugene Poinc
Merv Taylor
Sorcar
Louis S. Histed
Edward Victor
Ed Reno
Karl Theuerkauf
Carl Hemeon
Bascom Jones
Will Sharpe
Puppenhaus-Illusion
Brother John Hamman
Dominique Duvivier
Tony Giorgio
Ray-Mond
Jasper Maskelyne
George Jenness
Duke Stern
Metin And
Robert Ankele
Rhadolph Marcelliee
Daumenschreiber
Jarvis
Klingsor
André Kole
Guy Hollingworth
Jack Kodell
Bob Bluemle
Murray
Claude Chandler
Dick Cavett
Sam Paul
James Kennedy
Gali Gali
Peter Gardiner
Jim Gerrish
Newmann
Henry Dean
Jack Dean
Nathan Dean
Dicky Dean
DeLarno
Roy Benson
Mahatma
John Zweers
Ricki Dunn
Kuda Bux
Max Dessoir
Terri Rogers
The Los Angeles Conference on Magic History
Aaron Fisher
W. Golden Mortimer
Richard Buffum
Kenrick McDonald
Richard Armour
Sid Fleischman
Mahka Tendo
Bert Easley
Louis Lam
Ascanio
Jacob Daley
Dirk Losander
J. Marberger Stuart
David Oliver
Mike Bornstein
Robert Nickle
Edward J. Dooley
Bob Ostin
Frederick Culpitt
Milton A. Bridges
Stanley Collins
Isaac Fawkes
Sam Berland
Russell Walsh
Ron Urban
Val Valentino
Francis Haxton
Derek Dingle
Harry Kellar
Willane
Monarque
Martin Nash
William Benjamin
Paul Le Paul
Dan Garrett
Karl Germain
John Northern Hilliard
Paul Curry
Eugene Laurant
Anverdi
Winston Freer
Charles Andress
Abraham Cantu
Zaubermuseum Bellachini
Frank Brents
Michelle Ainsworth
Coe Norton
John Henry Grossman
Allan Carmichael
Morris Young
Eric C. Lewis
Christian Fechner
Joe Stevens
Tenkai
Carlyle
Rudy Coby
Jose Vilardell
Steven Tigner
Herbert Brooks
Miser’s Dream
Dirk Arthur
Robert A. Olson
Harold Martin
Ariann Black
C. R. Tracy
Len Belcher
Al Cohen
June Horowitz
Cora de Lamond
Mary Ann Campbell
Tim Conover
Herb Morrissey
John Blackledge
Ken Krenzel
Julie Capriotti
Frank Baumforth
Howard Brooks
Diana Zimmerman
Celeste Evans
James Zachary
Harry M. Levine
Vonetta
Dean Dill
Suzy Wandas‎‎
Mercedes Talma‎‎
Bernard M. L. Ernst‎‎
Edwin Hooper
Marconick
Al Baker
B. L. Gilbert
Jules Danby
Charles Morritt
Okita
Carl Rosini
Carl Owen
Leon Herrmann
John Rannie
Ray Alan
Le Grand David
George Schulte
Samri Baldwin
Wittus Witt
Frank Cleaver
Arthur Glen Babbs
Noel Stanton
Nussschalenspiel
Bill Palmer
Anthony Martinka
Allen Kennedy
Arthur Ivey
Bill Ilson
Dennis Loomis
John H. Edmondson
Wiljalba Frickell
Fred Gower
Ray Grismer
Jonathan Levit
János Bartl
Ed Wolff
Dave Simon
Dr. Stanley Jaks
Rajah Keppler
Peter Kersten (TV-Zauberkünstler)
Peter Kersten (Zauberkünstler Österreich)
Harry Leat
Peter Kersten (Zauberkünstler Österreich)
Charles Hoffman
Don Alan
David Goodsell
David Ben
Eduard Bamberg
Joe Stuthard
Walter Edwin Floyd
Luis de Matos
Frederick Eugene Powell
A. B. Harrington
H. A. Brauer
Robert Reinhart
Henri Bekker
Compars Herrmann
Benjamin J. Kleinman
DeWeird
Tom Dethlefsen
John Isley
Eric de la Mare
John Randall Brown
Charles J. Hagen
Professor Herwinn
Charles Cameron
Joseph Gabriel